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  2. Clonal selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_selection

    He further formalised the theory in his 1959 book The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity. He explained immunological memory as the cloning of two types of lymphocyte. One clone acts immediately to combat infection whilst the other is longer lasting, remaining in the immune system for a long time and causing immunity to that antigen.

  3. Adaptive immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system

    Immunity can be acquired either actively or passively. Immunity is acquired actively when a person is exposed to foreign substances and the immune system responds. Passive immunity is when antibodies are transferred from one host to another. Both actively acquired and passively acquired immunity can be obtained by natural or artificial means.

  4. Immunological memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunological_memory

    Innate immune memory (also called trained immunity) is neither antigen-specific nor dependent on gene rearrangement, but the different response is caused by changes in epigenetic programming and shifts in cellular metabolism. Innate immune memory was observed in invertebrates as well as in vertebrates. [4] [5]

  5. Outline of immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_immunology

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: . Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. [1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency ...

  6. Acquired characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_characteristic

    An acquired characteristic is a non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living organism caused after birth by disease, injury, accident, deliberate modification, variation, repeated use, disuse, misuse, or other environmental influence. Acquired traits are synonymous with acquired characteristics.

  7. Immunogenicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogenicity

    Antigenicity is the capacity of a chemical structure (either an antigen or hapten) to bind specifically with a group of certain products that have adaptive immunity: T cell receptors or antibodies (a.k.a. B cell receptors). Antigenicity was more commonly used in the past to refer to what is now known as immunogenicity, and the two terms are ...

  8. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen-associated...

    Plant immunology frequently treats the terms "PAMP" and "MAMP" interchangeably, considering their recognition to be the first step in plant immunity, PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity), a relatively weak immune response that occurs when the host plant does not also recognize pathogenic effectors that damage it or modulate its immune response.

  9. Alternative complement pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_complement_pathway

    The classical and alternative complement pathways. Alternative pathway. (Some labels are in Polish.) The alternative pathway is a type of cascade reaction of the complement system and is a component of the innate immune system, a natural defense against infections.