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In both models, electrophysiological data showed that spike-and-waves are initiated in the somatosensory cortex and then spread rapidly to the motor cortex and thalamic nuclei. [15] [16] Using in vivo intracellular recordings, it was found in the GAERS that spike-and-wave are initiated in layer 5/6 neurons of the somatosensory cortex. These ...
The theta state is characterised by a steady slow oscillation of around 6–7 Hz. LIA has a predominantly lower oscillation frequency but contains some sharp spikes, called sharp waves [1] of a higher frequency than that of theta. [2]
Handwriting of a person affected by Parkinson's disease showing rhythmic tremor activity in the strokes Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges reflecting seizure activity. Specific types of neural oscillations may also appear in pathological situations, such as Parkinson's disease or epilepsy. These pathological oscillations often consist ...
It is an abnormal interictal pattern, consisting of high amplitude and irregular waves and spikes in a background of chaotic and disorganized activity seen on electroencephalogram (EEG), and frequently encountered in infants diagnosed with infantile spasms, although it can be found in other conditions such as tuberous sclerosis.
Diagnosis is made upon history of absence seizures during early childhood and the observation of ~3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges on an EEG. The new classification of the epilepsy syndrome provides mandatory and exclusionary criteria, as well as some points that signs that should be considered as alerts [4]
The EEG usually shows 3–6 Hz generalized spike-wave discharge, although the frequency is often slower during the stormy phase. Approximately two thirds of children will eventually have remission of seizures and can stop medication, usually within several years after epilepsy onset.
Additionally, an EEG will indicate a characteristic pattern of waves and spikes associated with the syndrome such as generalized 4–6 Hz polyspike and slow wave discharges. These discharges may be evoked by photic stimulation (blinking lights) or hyperventilation.
They can consist of sharp waves or spikes, spike and wave, polyspikes or triphasics with background attenuation in between transients. [1] References