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Most TCF pulp is produced in Sweden and Finland for sale in Germany, [31] all markets with a high level of environmental awareness. In 1999, TCF pulp represented 25% of the European market. [32] TCF bleaching, by removing chlorine from the process, reduces chlorinated organic compounds to background levels in pulp-mill effluent. [33]
"Bleaching powder" usually refers to a formulation containing calcium hypochlorite. [citation needed] Oxidizing bleaching agents that do not contain chlorine are usually based on peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, and sodium perborate. These bleaches are called "non-chlorine bleach", "oxygen bleach", or "color-safe bleach".
The peracetic acid is a more effective bleaching agent than hydrogen peroxide itself. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] PAA is also formed naturally in the environment through a series of photochemical reactions involving formaldehyde and photo-oxidant radicals .
They include the following chemicals: sodium hypochlorite (active agent in bleach), chloramine, halazone, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. [2] They are widely used to disinfect water and medical equipment, and surface areas as well as bleaching materials such as cloth. The presence of organic matter can make them less effective as disinfectants ...
Teeth bleaching agents release reactive oxygen species which can degrade enamel. [27] To prevent this, nano-hydroxyapatite can be added to the bleaching solution to reduce the impact of the bleaching agent by blocking pores within the enamel. [27] This reduces sensitivity after the bleaching process. [28]
Special bleaching powders contain compounds that release sodium hypochlorite, the classical household bleaching agent. These precursor agents include trichloroisocyanuric acid and mixtures of sodium hypochlorite ("chlorinated orthophosphate ").
Hydrogen peroxide is by itself a strong bleaching agent and should be used only in diluted form, such as a 3% solution in water. Hypochlorite plus peroxide releases triplet oxygen, which is itself a bleaching agent, but is short-lived in water solution. Reacting large amounts of peroxide can release enough oxygen to create a fire or explosion ...