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End tidal CO2 (PETCO2) MeSH: edit on Wikidata] Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the respiratory gases.
IPI chart. The IPI incorporates four patient parameters (end-tidal CO 2 and respiratory rate measured by capnography, as well as pulse rate and blood oxygenation SpO 2 as measured by pulse oximetry) into a single index value. [1]
Colorimetric capnography is a qualitative measurement method that detects the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2, a relatively acidic gas) in a given gaseous environment. From a medical perspective, the method is usually applied by exposing litmus paper/film to an environment containing a patient's airway gases (i.e. placing it into their breathing circuit/airway circuit), where it will then ...
Dead space reduces the amount of fresh breathing gas which reaches the alveoli during each breath. This reduces the oxygen available for gas exchange, and the amount of carbon dioxide that can be removed. The buildup of carbon dioxide is usually the more noticeable effect unless the breathing gas is hypoxic as occurs at high altitude.
A common step is to then presume that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the end-tidal exhaled air is in equilibrium with that gas' tension in the blood that leaves the alveolar capillaries of the lung.
Metacresol purple or m-cresol purple, also called m-cresolsulfonphthalein, is a triarylmethane dye and a pH indicator.It is used as a capnographic indicator for detecting detect end-tidal carbon dioxide to ensure successful tracheal intubation in an emergency.
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Alveolar ventilation = body CO 2 production/end-tidal CO 2 fraction. In the figure below, this relationship is the curve falling from the top left to the bottom right. Only positions along this curve permit the body's CO 2 production to be exactly compensated for by exhalation of CO 2.