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Insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal enhancement method used in NMR spectroscopy. It involves the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from spins with large Boltzmann population differences to nuclear spins of interest with lower Boltzmann population differences. [ 1 ]
The linewidth is optimized for polarization transfer from electrons to nuclei, when it is close to the nuclear Larmor frequency. The optimization is related to an embedded three-spin (electron-electron-nucleus) process that mutually flips the coupled three spins under the energy conservation (mainly) of the Zeeman interactions.
The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one population of spin-active nuclei (e.g. 1 H, 13 C, 15 N etc.) to another via cross-relaxation.
The sign of the gyromagnetic ratio, γ, determines the sense of precession. Nuclei such as 1 H and 13 C are said to have clockwise precession whereas 15 N has counterclockwise precession. [3] [4] Unlike most nuclei, the gyromagnetic ratio for 15 N is negative. With the spin precession phenomenon, the sign of γ determines the sense (clockwise ...
Considering these techniques from the opposite perspective, that magnetization (i.e. spin polarization) is being transferred from the bulk water to the spin-saturated hydration population, allows one to conceptually unify chemical exchange methods with other techniques that transfer magnetization between nuclei populations.
CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization), often pronounced like "kidnip", is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that is used to study chemical reactions that involve radicals. It detects the non-Boltzmann (non-thermal) nuclear spin state distribution produced in these reactions as enhanced absorption or emission signals.
Finally, the free induction decay (FID) of the X nuclei is detected, typically with 1 H decoupling. Cross-polarization ( CP ), originally published as nuclear double resonance in the rotating frame by Hartmann and Hahn [ 1 ] is a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) technique used to transfer nuclear magnetization from different types ...
In nuclear physics, a beta decay transition is the change in state of an atomic nucleus undergoing beta decay.When undergoing beta decay, a nucleus emits a beta particle and a corresponding neutrino, transforming the original nuclide into one with the same mass number but differing atomic number (nuclear charge).