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Cyproheptadine, sold under the brand name Periactin among others, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties. It was patented in 1959 and came into medical use in 1961. [ 5 ]
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), or equine Cushing's disease, is an endocrine disease affecting the pituitary gland of horses. It is most commonly seen in older animals, [ 1 ] and is classically associated with the formation of a long, wavy coat ( hirsutism ) and chronic laminitis .
Forages, such as hay, make up the largest portion of the equine diet by weight. Equids can consume approximately 2–2.5% of their body weight in dry feed each day. Therefore, a 1,000 lb (450 kg) adult horse could eat up to 25 lb (11 kg) of food. [28] Foals less than six months of age eat 2–4% of their weight each day. [29]
However, horses with a low body condition score lack the fat reserves for strenuous work and also may lack lean muscle. [10] Horses with a very high body condition score carry too much weight, which interferes with stamina and biomechanics. Some studies addressed the relationship of body condition score and endurance performance in endurance races.
Horses have a relatively small stomach for their size, and this limits the amount of feed a horse can take in at one time. The average sized horse (360 to 540 kg [800 to 1,200 lb]) has a stomach with a capacity of around 19 L (5 US gal), and works best when it contains about 7.6 L (2 US gal).
The horse is considered a "thin animal" (with little fat), whose weight is divided into approximately 11% bone, 50% muscle and 9% fat; [2] but a large number of factors influence its weight. Some breeds ( draft horses ) are naturally heavier than others ( ponies ), and differ in size and bone structure, so the weight range of horses is highly ...
Pizotifen is able to dose-dependently and fully antagonize the discriminative stimulus effects of the serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent and serotonin 5-HT 2 receptor agonist MDMA in rodent drug discrimination tests. [10] Conversely, the related drug cyproheptadine was only partially effective and clozapine was ineffective. [10]
The Posavina horse ranges from 140 to 150 centimetres (13.3 to 14.3 hands) in height and weighs 500–600 kilograms (1,100–1,300 lb). [1] It is smaller than two other Croatian cold-blooded horse breeds, the Međimurje horse (155–165 cm) and Croatian Coldblood (150–160 cm).