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For example, if the summands x i are uncorrelated random numbers with zero mean, the sum is a random walk and the condition number will grow proportional to . On the other hand, for random inputs with nonzero mean the condition number asymptotes to a finite constant as n → ∞ {\displaystyle n\to \infty } .
An example of such is the classic merge that appears frequently in merge sort examples. The classic merge outputs the data item with the lowest key at each step; given some sorted lists, it produces a sorted list containing all the elements in any of the input lists, and it does so in time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the input lists.
Given the two sorted lists, the algorithm can check if an element of the first array and an element of the second array sum up to T in time (/). To do that, the algorithm passes through the first array in decreasing order (starting at the largest element) and the second array in increasing order (starting at the smallest element).
It stores the lengths of the longest common prefixes (LCPs) between all pairs of consecutive suffixes in a sorted suffix array. For example, if A := [ aab , ab , abaab , b , baab ] is a suffix array, the longest common prefix between A [1] = aab and A [2] = ab is a which has length 1, so H [2] = 1 in the LCP array H .
In the subset sum problem, the goal is to find a subset of S whose sum is a certain target number T given as input (the partition problem is the special case in which T is half the sum of S). In multiway number partitioning , there is an integer parameter k , and the goal is to decide whether S can be partitioned into k subsets of equal sum ...
The product of two polynomials can be expressed as a sum of products of pairs of terms, one from each polynomial, and placing these term-by-term products into degree order amounts to sorting them by the sum of degrees. For example, the instance of + sorting with = given as an example above corresponds to the multiplication of two three-term ...
Counting sort is an integer sorting algorithm that uses the prefix sum of a histogram of key frequencies to calculate the position of each key in the sorted output array. It runs in linear time for integer keys that are smaller than the number of items, and is frequently used as part of radix sort , a fast algorithm for sorting integers that ...
Sorted arrays are the most space-efficient data structure with the best locality of reference for sequentially stored data. [citation needed]Elements within a sorted array are found using a binary search, in O(log n); thus sorted arrays are suited for cases when one needs to be able to look up elements quickly, e.g. as a set or multiset data structure.