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Honey made from the nectar and so containing pollen of these plants also contains grayanotoxins and is commonly referred to as mad honey. [3] Consumption of the plant or any of its secondary products, including mad honey, can cause a rare poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron ...
The chemical structure of grayanotoxin I. Consumption of mad honey can cause a poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron poisoning. [11] [21] The honey is the most common cause of grayanotoxin poisoning. [10] Bees are not affected by grayanotoxins. [19]
The toxicity is caused by grayanotoxin 1 which is one of several highly hydroxylated diterpenoid defence chemicals produced in the leaves of Rhododendron to protect against herbivores – e.g. the Thrips Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. [14] Some species of honey bee (Apis mellifera sub spp caucasica) tolerate the toxin and make so-called "mad honey".
“Mad honey,” or “deli bal” as it’s known in Turkey, is a rare and potentially dangerous delicacy with psychoactive properties. Turkey’s Black Sea region is one of only two places in ...
Tecoma stans is a nontoxic plant, but honey from its flowers is poisonous. [36] [37] Plants including Rhododendron and heathers produce the neurotoxin grayanotoxin. This is toxic to humans but not to bees. Honey from these flowers can be psychoactive, or even toxic to humans. [38] Honey can ferment and produce ethanol. Animals, such as birds ...
Common household foods that can potentially pose a threat to your health
Due to longstanding pushback and controversial health studies surrounding the ingredient, many processed food manufacturers have already shifted away from using Red Dye No. 3, opting instead for ...
In Turkey, beekeepers purposefully bring hives of Apis mellifera caucasia to areas of dense Rhododendron ponticum blooms to purposefully sequester grayanotoxin laden honey called "mad honey." This coveted novelty honey is referred to as "deli bal" and is neurotoxic. [6]
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