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G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is the most common chromosome banding method. [ 1 ] It is useful for identifying genetic diseases (mainly chromosomal abnormalities ) through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome ...
Chromosomes display a banded pattern when treated with some stains. Bands are alternating light and dark stripes that appear along the lengths of chromosomes. Unique banding patterns are used to identify chromosomes and to diagnose chromosomal aberrations, including chromosome breakage, loss, duplication, translocation or inverted segments.
G-banding (utilizing trypsin and Giemsa/ Wright stain) was concurrently developed in the early 1970s and allows visualization of banding patterns using a bright field microscope. [citation needed] Diagrams identifying the chromosomes based on the banding patterns are known as idiograms. These maps became the basis for both prenatal and ...
G-banding patterns of human Y chromosome in three different resolutions (400, [60] 550 [61] and 850 [3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013). [62] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process. [63]
G-banding ideogram of human X chromosome in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser). G-banding patterns of human X chromosome in three different resolutions (400, [25] 550 [26] and 850 [2] Band length in ...
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 18 in three different resolutions (400, [12] 550 [13] and 850 [3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013). [14] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process. [15]
Cytogenetic banding nomenclature. The shorter arm of a chromosome is termed the p arm or p-arm, while the longer arm is the q arm or q-arm. The chromosomal locus of a typical gene, for example, might be written 3p22.1, where: [citation needed] 3 = chromosome 3; p = p-arm; 22 = region 2, band 2 (read as "two, two", not "twenty-two") 1 = sub-band 1
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 13 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).