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While there are more than two types of drainage systems employed in agriculture, there are two main types: (1) surface drainage and (2) sub-surface drainage. Crop yield (Y) and depth of water table (X in dm) [1] Figure 1 classifies the various types of drainage systems. It shows the field (or internal) and the main (or external) systems. [2]
In geotechnical engineering, watertable control is the practice of controlling the height of the water table by drainage.Its main applications are in agricultural land (to improve the crop yield using agricultural drainage systems) and in cities to manage the extensive underground infrastructure that includes the foundations of large buildings, underground transit systems, and extensive ...
Subsurface drainage: Built by burying pipes underground to remove excess water from the soil profile. Subsurface drainage is widely used by farmers. It has many advantages: [5] It increases soil humidity and leads to better crop yields. It stops the accumulation of salts and gives farmers more flexibility to plant different types of crops.
While this is a lesser issue for surface irrigation compared to other irrigation methods (due to the comparatively high leaching fraction), lack of subsurface drainage may restrict the leaching of salts from the soil. This can be remedied by drainage and soil salinity control through flushing.
In the same fashion, the well drainage requirement can be found from well discharge (Wel) in the geohydrologic water balance or the overall water balance. The subsurface drainage requirement and well drainage requirement play an important role in the design of agricultural drainage systems (references:, [4] [5]).
A drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. It is used in drainage design. Parameters in Hooghoudt's drainage equation. A well known steady-state drainage
Map of a well field for subsurface drainage with radial flow across concentrical cylinders representing the equipotentials. Both systems serve the same purposes, namely water table control and soil salinity control. Both systems can facilitate the reuse of drainage water (e.g. for irrigation), but wells offer more flexibility.
Three basic types of subirrigation system are in general use for potted plants in greenhouses: ebb-and-flow (bench-mounted enclosures holding pots are filled and then drained); trough (water is flowed through bench-mounted, slightly sloping enclosures containing pots); and flooded floor (special sloped concrete flooring is flooded and drained).