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Resistance in Etruria was finally crushed in 265–264 BC, the same year the First Punic War began and brought Roman forces outside of the peninsula for the first time. Starting from the First Punic War (264–241 BC) the territories subject to Roman rule also included Sicily (241 BC), Sardinia and Corsica (238 BC), islands transformed into ...
The term Punic comes from the Latin word Punicus (or Poenicus), meaning "Phoenician", and is a reference to the Carthaginians' Phoenician ancestry. [1] The main source for almost every aspect of the First Punic War is the historian Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage.
The First Punic War broke out on the Mediterranean island of Sicily in 264 BC as Rome's expansion began to encroach on Carthage's sphere of influence on the island. At the start of the war Carthage was the dominant power of the western Mediterranean, with an extensive maritime empire , while Rome was a rapidly expanding power in Italy , with a ...
The Battle of Messana in 264 BC was the first military clash between the Roman Republic and Carthage.It marked the start of the First Punic War.In that period, and after the recent successes in southern Italy, Sicily became of increasing strategic importance to Rome.
Second Punic War (218–201 BCE) [2] 218 BC – Battle of Lilybaeum – First naval clash between the navies of Carthage and Rome during the Second Punic War; Roman victory. Battle of Cissa – Romans defeat Carthaginians near Tarraco and gain control of the territory north of the Ebro River.
The main source for almost every aspect of the First Punic War [note 1] is the historian Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] His works include a now lost manual on military tactics, [ 5 ] but he is best known for his The Histories , written sometime after 167 BC, or about a century after the ...
264 - 241 BC - First Punic War; 220 BC - Via Flaminia is constructed. 218 - 202 BC - Second Punic War; 168 BC - The Romans have a great victory in the Macedonian War, conquering Greece. 149 - 146 BC - The Third Punic War; 133 BC - 120 BC - The Gracchi brothers are controversially killed. 71 BC - Spartacus is killed and his rebel army destroyed.
The Cimbrian War was the first time since the Second Punic War that Italia and Rome itself had been seriously threatened, and caused great fear in Rome. [181] The opening action of the Cimbrian War, the Battle of Noreia in 112 BC, ended in defeat and near disaster for the Romans.