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Inbreeding coefficients of various populations in Europe and Asia. Offspring of biologically related persons are subject to the possible effects of inbreeding, such as congenital birth defects. The chances of such disorders are increased when the biological parents are more closely related.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most birth defects are believed to be caused by a complex mix of factors including genetics, environment, and behaviors, [13] though many birth defects have no known cause. An example of a birth defect is cleft palate, which occurs during the fourth through seventh weeks of ...
The frequency depends on criteria and severity, but figures of 2-4% are representative; [45] these symptoms can last for many months. [46] Some avoid further pregnancy (secondary tocophobia), and those who become pregnant again may experience a return of symptoms, especially in the last trimester.
Certain pregnancy tests can detect the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as early as six days after fertilization occurs, but false negatives may occur (meaning the test shows ...
These plates fall off over several weeks. [3] Other complications can include premature birth , infection, problems with body temperature, and dehydration . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The condition is the most severe form of ichthyosis (except for syndromes that include ichthyosis, for example, Neu–Laxova syndrome ), a group of genetic disorders ...
Rubella infection in pregnancy can result in various outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to congenital defects to miscarriage and fetal death. [3] [4] If infection occurs 0–11 weeks after conception, the infant has a 90% risk of being affected. [1] If the infection occurs 12–20 weeks after conception, the risk is 20%.
Since the advent of forms of prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and ultrasound, it has become possible to detect the presence of congenital disorders in the fetus before birth. Specifically, disability-selective abortion is the abortion of fetuses that are found to have non-fatal mental or physical defects detected through prenatal ...
A blighted ovum is a pregnancy in which the embryo is reabsorbed or never develops at all. [1] In a normal pregnancy, an embryo would be visible on an ultrasound by six weeks after the woman's last menstrual period. [2] Anembryonic gestation is one of the causes of miscarriage of a pregnancy and accounts for roughly half of first-trimester ...