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In 2012, it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). [2] [12] Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. [2] Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual ...
Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, [25] and produces similar rates in both the developed and developing world. [20] Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. [13] Rotavirus is a less common cause in adults due to acquired immunity. [27]
Compared to worldwide estimates, the United States has a lower incidence rate of chronic diarrhea in young children reported at 0.18 episodes per child year. [54] In pediatrics, diarrhea is a common complaint making up 9% of U.S. hospital visits for children less than 5 years old. [39]
Chronic, watery diarrhea and failure to thrive are the most common symptoms in infants and toddlers. Other symptoms include abdominal distention, gassiness, colic, irritability, excoriated buttocks, severe diaper rash due to acidic diarrhea, indigestion, and vomiting. [4] [7]
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produces a toxin that acts on the intestinal lining, and is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) can cause diarrhea outbreaks in newborn nurseries. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) can cause acute and chronic (long-lasting) diarrhea in children.
In most people, the illness lasts for 2–10 days. It is classified as invasive/inflammatory diarrhea, also described as bloody diarrhea or dysentery. [citation needed] There are other diseases showing similar symptoms. For instance, abdominal pain and tenderness may be very localized, mimicking acute appendicitis.
The most common and prominent symptom is chronic diarrhoea, which can occur for weeks or months if untreated. [10] [11] Diarrhoea is often greasy and foul-smelling, with a tendency to float. [10] [4] This characteristic diarrhoea is often accompanied by several other symptoms, including gas, abdominal cramps, and nausea or vomiting.
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