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The common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) is a wild member of the pig family found in grassland, savanna, and woodland in sub-Saharan Africa. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the past, it was commonly treated as a subspecies of P. aethiopicus , but today that scientific name is restricted to the desert warthog of northern Kenya , Somalia , and eastern Ethiopia .
The desert warthog is an important host of the tsetse fly, [10] [11] and in some parts of its range efforts are being made to reduce warthog numbers because of this. [11] Specifically, P. aethiopicus was the preferred host for Glossina swynnertoni and G. pallidipes in a study by Weitz 1963.
Southern warthog (P. a. sundevallii) Lönnberg, 1908 Widespread in the savannah of Sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia down to South Africa, absent from heavily forested or desert areas. Size : A head-and-body length ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 m (2 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in), and shoulder height from 63.5 to 85 cm (25.0 to 33.5 in).
The biggest threat to the Visayan warty pig is habitat loss caused by commercial logging and slash-and-burn farming. In total, it is extinct in 98% of its original native range due to loss of forest cover. They are also hunted for food; and by farmers who see them as pests since they can damage crops when foraging. [7] [8] [9]
Animals have many different tactics for defending themselves, depending on the severity of the threat they are encountering. [1] Stages of threat vary along a spectrum referred to as the "predatory imminence continuum", spanning from low-risk (pre-encounter) to high-risk (interaction) threats.
Babirusas are protected in Indonesia and killing them is illegal in most cases. However, poaching remains a significant threat to the babirusa. Additionally, commercial logging operations threaten the babirusa by habitat loss, and also reduce cover, making the babirusa more exposed to poachers. [18]
The boar defends his harem aggressively against predators, with leopards being a particularly common threat. [ 7 ] They communicate almost continuously with grunts and squeals with a repertoire that can signal alarm, distress, or passive contact.
Invasive species are a crucial threat to many native habitats and species of the United States and a significant cost to agriculture, forestry, and recreation. An invasive species refers to an organism that is not native to a specific region and poses significant economic and environmental threats to its new habitat. [ 1 ]