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The development of the Ordo Lectionum Missae was a response to the liturgical reforms initiated by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), with the aim of promoting active participation of the laity in the Mass. Prior to the council, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a one-year cycle of readings, incorporating a limited selection of passages.
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning.. The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders).
Cistercian monks praying the Liturgy of the Hours in Heiligenkreuz Abbey. The Liturgy of the Hours (Latin: Liturgia Horarum), Divine Office (Latin: Officium Divinum), or Opus Dei ("Work of God") are a set of Catholic prayers comprising the canonical hours, [a] often also referred to as the breviary, [b] of the Latin Church.
A typical book of hours contains the Calendar of Church feasts, extracts from the Four Gospels, the Mass readings for major feasts, the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the fifteen Psalms of Degrees, the seven Penitential Psalms, a Litany of Saints, an Office for the Dead and the Hours of the Cross. [5]
The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church, [1] Western Rite Orthodoxy, Old Catholicism, and Independent Catholicism. The term is also used in many Lutheran churches, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] as well as in some Anglican churches, [ 5 ] and on rare occasion by other Protestant churches.
A few solemnities are "endowed with their own Vigil Mass, which is to be used on the evening of the preceding day, if an evening Mass is celebrated". [23] The readings and prayers of such vigil Masses differ from the texts in the Masses to be celebrated on the day itself. The solemnities that have a vigil Mass are: Easter Sunday
The term Mass, also Holy Mass, is commonly used to describe the celebration of the Eucharist in the Latin Church, while the various Eastern Catholic liturgies use terms such as Divine Liturgy, Holy Qurbana, and Badarak, [6] in accordance with each one's tradition.
The reading of the Gospel is usually preceded by the chanting of a prokimenon or alleluia. The Gospel lesson is not simply read, but is chanted by one of the higher clergy (deacon, priest, or bishop). During the reading of the Gospel, all stand, and at the conclusion of the Gospel, a blessing may be made with the Gospel Book.
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