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6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antagonist, which was isolated originally from Streptomyces in a sample of Peruvian soil. This diazo compound is biosynthesized from lysine by three enzymes in bacteria. [ 2 ]
In some cases, urine samples or positive blood culture samples are applied directly to the test medium, bypassing the preliminary step of isolating the organism. [15] If the antibiotic inhibits microbial growth, a clear ring, or zone of inhibition, is seen around the disc.
Vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol (DON), is a type B trichothecene, an epoxy-sesquiterpenoid. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat , barley , oats , rye , and corn , and less often in rice , sorghum , and triticale .
This is called a D-zone test, or D test. If a 'D' shape is formed around the clindamycin disk (distinguished from a circular zone of inhibition) then the isolate is reported as resistant to clindamycin. [5] This occurs due to erythromycin inducing the bacteria's erm gene, and thus making it resistant to clindamycin (MLS-B phenotype). [6] [7]
When more than one well is used there are many possible outcomes based on the reactivity of the antigen and antibody selected. The zone of equivalence lines may give a full identity (i.e. a continuous line), partial identity (i.e. a continuous line with a spur at one end), or a non-identity (i.e. the two lines cross completely). [citation needed]
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Since the antibodies do not bridge between antigens, no agglutination occurs. Because no agglutination occurs, the test is interpreted as negative. In this case, the result is a false negative. The range of relatively high antibody concentrations within which no reaction occurs is called the prozone. [5]
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