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  2. Convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_evolution

    Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are analogous, whereas homologous structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions.

  3. Homology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)

    For example, the wings of insects and birds evolved independently in widely separated groups, and converged functionally to support powered flight, so they are analogous. Similarly, the wings of a sycamore maple seed and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous, as they develop from quite different structures.

  4. List of examples of convergent evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of...

    The structure of immunoglobulin G-binding bacterial proteins A and H do not contain any sequences homologous to the constant repeats of IgG antibodies, but they have similar functions. Both protein G, A, H are inhibited in the interactions with IgG antibodies (IgGFc) by a synthetic peptide corresponding to an 11-amino-acid-long sequence in the ...

  5. Comparative anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_anatomy

    It also assists scientists in classifying organisms based on similar characteristics of their anatomical structures. A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. All of these appendages consist of the same basic parts; yet, they serve completely different functions.

  6. Bat wing development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_wing_development

    The apical ectodermal ridge is a structure found at the distal most tip which becomes a key signaling center for the developing limb. [2] Surprisingly many of the same signaling pathways known to play a role in tetrapod limb development have been found to play a role in bat forelimb development but the timing, intensity, and spatial gene ...

  7. Forelimb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forelimb

    All vertebrate forelimbs are homologous, meaning that they all evolved from the same structures. For example, the flipper of a turtle or of a dolphin , the arm of a human, the foreleg of a horse, and the wings of both bats and birds are ultimately homologous, despite the large differences between them.

  8. The Clitoris And The Body - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/cliteracy/...

    George Ludwig Kobelt, a German anatomist, conducts a study of the clitoris. He wants to demonstrate through his findings that “the female possesses a structure that in all its separate parts is entirely analogous to the male.” Kobelt is the first to draw detailed anatomies of both the internal and external clitoris.

  9. List of related male and female reproductive organs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_related_male_and...

    Homologous structures in the external genitalia. This list of related male and female reproductive organs shows how the male and female reproductive organs and the development of the reproductive system are related, sharing a common developmental path. This makes them biological homologues. These organs differentiate into the respective sex ...