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Norethisterone, as norethisterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate, has been studied for use as a potential male hormonal contraceptive in combination with testosterone in men. [ 124 ] [ 125 ] Long-acting norethisterone microspheres for intramuscular injection have been studied for potential use in birth control.
NETE is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body. [13] Upon reaching circulation, it is rapidly converted into norethisterone by esterases.Hence, as a prodrug of norethisterone, NETE has essentially the same effects as norethisterone, acting as a potent progestogen with additional weak androgenic and estrogenic activity (the latter via its metabolite ethinylestradiol). [14]
[8] [15] [16] There are metabolites of Nandrolone that act as long-lasting prodrugs in the body, [8] such as 5α-Dihydronandrolone. Nandrolone esters were first described and introduced for medical use in the late 1950s. [8] They are among the most widely used anabolic steroid worldwide. [8]
What does NAD do in the body? NAD helps hundreds of enzymes in the cell do their jobs. "Some of those enzymes are involved in cellular repair, so helping cells that have damage due to UV radiation ...
Hormone levels following a single intramuscular injection of EV/NETE (5 mg/50 mg) in healthy young men. [9] Testosterone levels were maximally suppressed by about 94%, to ~30 ng/dL, when measured at day 7. [9] EV/NETE is a combination of EV, an estrogen, and NETE, a progestogen with weak androgenic activity.
Norethisterone and ethinylestradiol levels over 24 hours after a single oral dose of 10 mg NETA in postmenopausal women. [25] NETA metabolizes into ethinylestradiol at a rate of 0.20 to 0.33% across a dose range of 10 to 40 mg. [26] [27] Peak levels of ethinylestradiol with a 10, 20, or 40 mg dose of NETA were 58, 178, and 231 pg/mL, respectively.
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The estrogenic activity of norethisterone and its prodrugs are due to metabolism into ethinylestradiol. [1] High doses of norethisterone and noretynodrel have been associated with estrogenic side effects such as breast enlargement in women and gynecomastia in men, but also with alleviation of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. [252]