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A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations.
The block occupies a cache line in set 31, determined by the replacement policy for the cache. Address 0x0100 (tag – 0b000_0010, index – 0b0_0000, offset – 0b00) corresponds to block 64 of the memory and maps to the set 0 of the cache. The block occupies a cache line in set 0, determined by the replacement policy for the cache.
A cache has two primary figures of merit: latency and hit ratio. A number of secondary factors also affect cache performance. [1] The hit ratio of a cache describes how often a searched-for item is found. More efficient replacement policies track more usage information to improve the hit rate for a given cache size.
Cache hits are the number of accesses to the cache that actually find that data in the cache, and cache misses are those accesses that don't find the block in the cache. These cache hits and misses contribute to the term average access time (AAT) also known as AMAT ( average memory access time ), which, as the name suggests, is the average time ...
A cache hit occurs when the requested data can be found in a cache, while a cache miss occurs when it cannot. Cache hits are served by reading data from the cache, which is faster than recomputing a result or reading from a slower data store; thus, the more requests that can be served from the cache, the faster the system performs.
Once the cache block is in the Modified (M) state and there is a bus read (BusRd) request, the block flushes (Flush) the modified data and changes the state to owned (O), thus making it the sole owner for that particular cache block. At the same time, when it is in the modified (M) state, there is never going to be a bus write request (BusUpgr ...
Consider the case when L2 is inclusive of L1. Suppose there is a processor read request for block X. If the block is found in L1 cache, then the data is read from L1 cache and returned to the processor. If the block is not found in the L1 cache, but present in the L2 cache, then the cache block is fetched from the L2 cache and placed in L1.
The returns although seem to level off beyond victim cache size of 50 blocks, thus proving Jouppi's [1] observation that victim cache benefits reach a plateau after the first few victim blocks. [ 4 ] Miss rate reduction for a 64 KB cache size are found to be significantly lower, proving that victim caching is not indefinitely scalable.