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The method the operating system uses to select the page frame to reuse, which is its page replacement algorithm, is important to efficiency. The operating system predicts the page frame least likely to be needed soon, often through the least recently used (LRU) algorithm or an algorithm based on the program's working set. To further increase ...
The page table is a key component of virtual address translation that is necessary to access data in memory. The page table is set up by the computer's operating system, and may be read and written during the virtual address translation process by the memory management unit or by low-level system software or firmware.
Similarly, a page frame is the smallest fixed-length contiguous block of physical memory into which memory pages are mapped by the operating system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A transfer of pages between main memory and an auxiliary store, such as a hard disk drive , is referred to as paging or swapping.
In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, [1] is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro, and later by AMD in the Athlon processor. [2]
The operating system then loads the information from that page table entry into the TLB and restarts the program from the instruction that caused the TLB miss. As with hardware TLB management, if the OS finds no valid translation in the page tables, a page fault has occurred, and the OS must handle it accordingly.
An operating system running on the PowerPC may minimize the size of the hash table to reduce this problem. It is also somewhat slow to remove the page table entries of a process. The OS may avoid reusing segment values to delay facing this, or it may elect to suffer the waste of memory associated with per-process hash tables.
Hierarchical memory is a hardware optimization that takes the benefits of spatial and temporal locality and can be used on several levels of the memory hierarchy. Paging obviously benefits from temporal and spatial locality. A cache is a simple example of exploiting temporal locality, because it is a specially designed, faster but smaller ...
The operating system may manage the page table in such a way that a reference to a page that has been previously paged out to secondary storage [d] causes a page fault. The operating system intercepts the page fault, loads the required memory page, and the application continues as if no fault had occurred.