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The effect of dynamic stall limits the helicopter performance in several ways such as: The maximum forward flight velocity and thrust; High blade structural loads, which may result in excessive vibrations and blade structural damage; Control system loads, manoeuvre capability, and handling qualities; Helicopter dynamic performance.
Retreating blade stall is a hazardous flight condition in helicopters and other rotary wing aircraft, where the retreating rotor blade has a lower relative blade speed, combined with an increased angle of attack, causing a stall and loss of lift. Retreating blade stall is the primary limiting factor of a helicopter's never exceed speed, V NE. [1]
As the blades rotate, the speed of the blade-tips relative to the air remains constant. Now imagine the helicopter in forward flight, at v meters per second. The speed of the blade-tip at point A in the diagram relative to the air is the sum of the blade-tip speed and the helicopter forward-flight speed: rω+v.
The inner 25 percent of the rotor blade is referred to as the stall region and operates above its maximum angle of attack (stall angle) causing drag, which slows rotation of the blade. A constant rotor rotational speed is achieved by adjusting the collective pitch so blade acceleration forces from the driving region are balanced with the ...
When the helicopter rotor stalls, it does not do so symmetrically, because forward airspeed causes higher airspeed on the advancing blade than on the retreating blade. The retreating blade stalls first and its weight makes it descend as it moves aft, while the advancing blade raises as it goes forward. The resulting low aft blade and high ...
A helicopter's main rotor hub. The vertical rods are at the end of the control chain that starts with the pilot controls. Helicopter flight controls are connected to the main and tail rotors, and include a cyclic stick, broadly to control forward-aft and left-right movements, a collective lever, broadly to control vertical movements, and anti-torque pedals, to control left and right yaw.
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The signs of VRS are a vibration in the main rotor system [8] followed by an increasing sink rate and possibly a decrease of cyclic authority. [9]In single rotor helicopters, the vortex ring state is traditionally corrected by slightly lowering the collective to regain cyclic authority and using the cyclic control to apply lateral motion, often pitching the nose down to establish forward flight.