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Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (Russian: Лев Семёнович Выготский, [vɨˈɡotskʲɪj]; Belarusian: Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі; November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1896 – June 11, 1934) was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
Play is essential for a child's optimal social, cognitive, physical, and emotional development. [20] Researchers agree that play establishes a foundation for intellectual growth, creativity, and basic academic knowledge. [3] [25] [26] According to Dorothy Singer, make-believe games allow children to imagine different roles and scenarios.
Make believe, also known as pretend play or imaginative play, is a loosely structured form of play that generally includes role-play, object substitution and nonliteral behavior. [1] What separates play from other daily activities is its fun and creative aspect rather than being an action performed for the sake of survival or necessity. [ 2 ]
Vygotsky, a psychologist and social constructivist, laid the foundation for the interactionists view of language acquisition.According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays an important role in the learning process and proposed the zone of proximal development (ZPD) where learners construct the new language through socially mediated interaction.
Although Vygotsky himself never mentioned the term, scaffolding was first developed by Jerome Bruner, David Wood, and Gail Ross, while applying Vygotsky's concept of ZPD to various educational contexts. [4] According to Wass and Golding, giving students the hardest tasks they can do with scaffolding leads to the greatest learning gains. [16]
People such as parents, grandparents, and teachers play the roles of what Vygotsky described as knowledgeable and competent adults. Although Vygotsky predated social constructivists, he is commonly classified as one. Social constructivists believe that an individual's cognitive system is a resditional learning time.
Vygotsky's theory of private speech has been deemed noteworthy to more recent developmental psychologists, providing a stepping-stone [colloquialism] for over 75 years. [3] Berk, Winsler, Diaz, Montero, Neal, Amaya-Williams, and Wertsch are amongst some of the current well-known developmental psychologists and researchers who have been ...
Holzman is the author or co-author of multiple books including The overweight brain: How our obsession with knowing keeps us from getting smart enough to make a better world (2018), [3] Vygotsky at work and play (2009), [4] [5] Performing psychology: A postmodern culture of the mind (1999), [6] and Psychological investigations: A clinician's ...