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In 1965, at the University of London's International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper engaged in a debate that circled around three main areas of disagreement. [1] These areas included the concept of a scientific method, the specific behaviors and practices of scientists, and the differentiation between ...
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, How They Met Themselves, watercolour, 1864. A doppelgänger [a] (/ ˈ d ɒ p əl ɡ ɛ ŋ ər,-ɡ æ ŋ-/ DOP-əl-gheng-ər, -gang-), sometimes spelled doppelgaenger or doppelganger, is a ghostly double of a living person, especially one that haunts its own fleshly counterpart.
The twins meet at T=17.3 and τ=12. This is a different voyage than the one shown above, as both schemes take the same assumed total point-of-view time: T=12 (stay-at-home), resp τ=12 (ship), so the results of the calculated other-one's times must be different: τ=9.33 (ship), resp T=17.3 (stay at home). In the standard proper time formula
The formal scientific definition of theory is quite different from the everyday meaning of the word. It refers to a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence. Many scientific theories are so well established that no new evidence is likely to alter them substantially.
The philosophy of science includes the question: What criteria are satisfied by a 'good' theory. This question has a long history, and many scientists, as well as philosophers, have considered it. The objective is to be able to choose one theory as preferable to another without introducing cognitive bias. [4]
Aristotle did not embrace either divine creation or evolution, instead arguing in his biology that each species (eidos) was immutable, breeding true to its ideal eternal form (not the same as Plato's theory of forms). [3] [4] Aristotle's suggestion in De Generatione Animalium of a fixed hierarchy in nature - a scala naturae ("ladder of nature ...
Ellis says that scientists have proposed the idea of the multiverse as a way of explaining the nature of existence. He points out that it ultimately leaves those questions unresolved because it is a metaphysical issue that cannot be resolved by empirical science.
Popper's three worlds is a way of looking at and understanding reality, developed by the British philosopher Karl Popper in many lectures and books, for example "Objective Knowledge - An Evolutionary Approach" (1972) and "The Self And Its Brain" (1977). Popper's theory involves three interacting worlds, called world 1, world 2 and world 3. [1]