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This article deals primarily with Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), which is the standard variety shared by educated speakers throughout Arabic-speaking regions. MSA is used in writing in formal print media and orally in newscasts, speeches and formal declarations of numerous types. [2] Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel ...
However, the lateral /l/ is acquired by most Arabic-speaking children by age two, a year earlier than English-speaking children. [26] The most difficult phonemes for young Arabic children are emphatic stops, fricatives, and the flap [27] /trill /ɾ/ ~ /r/. /x/ and /ɣ/, which are relatively rare sounds in other languages, are the most difficult ...
Early written Arabic used only rasm (in black). Later, i‘jām (in red) were added so that letters such as ṣād (ص) and ḍād (ض) could be distinguished. Ḥarakāt (in blue)—which is used in the Qur'an but not in most written Arabic—indicate short vowels, long consonants, and some other vocalizations.
This feature may be used to distinguish Central from Northern Levantine. A widespread realization of /dʒ/ as , especially along the Mediterranean coast. This feature may be used to distinguish northwest (coastal, Nusayriyyah) from northeast (e.g. Aleppo, Idlib) Levantine Arabic where /dʒ/ is realized as .
Ve, used in Kurdish to represent /v/, it can be used in Arabic to describe the phoneme /v/ otherwise it is written ف /f/. Pa, used in the Jawi script and Pegon script to represent /p/. U+06A4 ﮶ 3 dots none ڡ ف ڥ Vi, used in Algerian Arabic and Tunisian Arabic when written in Arabic script to represent the sound /v/ if ...
Non-standard Arabic consonants: p (پ), ž (ژ), g (گ) Alif maqṣūra (ى): ā; Madda (آ): ā at the beginning of a word, ʼā in the middle or at the end; A final yāʼ (ي), the nisba adjective ending, is represented as ī normally, but as īy when the ending contains the third consonant of the root. This difference is not written in the ...
The first known text in the Arabic alphabet is a late fourth-century inscription from Jabal Ram 50 km east of ‘Aqabah in Jordan, but the Zabad trilingual inscription is the earliest dated Arabic text from 512, and was discovered in Syria. [17] Nevertheless, the epigraphic record is extremely sparse. Later, dots were added above and below the ...
As a result, Arabic speaking users communicated in these technologies by transliterating the Arabic text using the Latin script. To handle those Arabic letters that cannot be accurately represented using the Latin script, numerals and other characters were appropriated. For example, the numeral "3" may be used to represent the Arabic letter ع .