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The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, [3] [251] if all 139 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 93.
Each of Francis' consistories has increased the number of cardinal electors from at or less than the set limit of 120 [b] to a number higher than 120, as high as 140 in 2024, surpassing the record 135 set by Pope John Paul II in 2001 and 2003. [2] Since 2 June 2023, two-thirds of the cardinal electors have been cardinals created by Francis. [3]
By the papacy of Sixtus V (1585–1590), the number was set at seventy on 3 December 1586, divided among fourteen cardinal-deacons, fifty cardinal-priests, and six cardinal-bishops. [ 5 ] Popes respected that limit until Pope John XXIII increased the number of cardinals several times to 88 in January 1961 [ 15 ] and Pope Paul VI continued this ...
By the start of next year, there will be 140 cardinal electors, almost 80% of them chosen by Francis. ... Church law technically limits the number of elector cardinals to 120, but recent popes ...
The 115 attending cardinal electors were from 48 countries on all six inhabited continents. [e] The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty-eight), the United States (eleven) and Germany (six).
Sixteen were Europeans, including seven Italians. Ten held Vatican offices. With these additions, the number of cardinal electors increased from 107 to 125, a majority of 63 of them named by Benedict. [7] [16] Though the number of cardinal electors exceeded the limit of 120, [7] nine of them were due to turn eighty before the end of the year.
This consistory took the number of cardinal electors from 97 to 121, which fell within a month to the maximum of 120, a majority of them appointed by John Paul. [a] It brought the total number of cardinals to a new high of 160, of whom John Paul named 84. [16]
On 24 May Pope Paul created twenty cardinals, assigning titular churches to fourteen cardinal priests and deaconries to six cardinal deacons. [35] [g] The appointments brought the number of cardinal electors to 120 and number of cardinals to 137. [34] He had set the maximum number of electors at 120 in October 1975 in Romano Pontifici eligendo. [3]