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Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Both hypokinetic (bradykinesia and akinesia) as well as hyperkinetic (cogwheel rigidity and tremors at rest) features are displayed by Parkinsonism. [ 3 ]
ICD-9-CM ICD-10-CM Hypokinetic Movement disorders Poliomyelitis, [6] acute 045 A80 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS [6] (Lou Gehrig's disease) 335.20 G12.21 Parkinson's disease (Primary or Idiopathic Parkinsonism) 332 G20 Secondary Parkinsonism: G21 Parkinson plus syndromes: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: G23.0
Sometimes a lumbar puncture is performed to measure concentrations of biopterin and neopterin, which can help determine the exact form of dopamine-responsive movement disorder: early onset parkinsonism (reduced biopterin and normal neopterin), GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency (both decreased) and tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (both normal).
Since it is difficult to measure extrapyramidal symptoms, rating scales are commonly used to assess the severity of movement disorders. The Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) are rating scales frequently used for such assessment and are not weighted for diagnostic purposes ...
Dementia due to Parkinson's disease: Coded 294.9 in the DSM-IV. 294.1x: Dementia due to Pick's disease: Coded 290.10 in the DSM-IV. 294.8: Dementia NOS: 294.xx: Dementia of the Alzheimer's type, with early onset: Coded 290.xx in the DSM-IV. 290.10: Dementia of the Alzheimer's type, with early onset, uncomplicated: Included only in the DSM-IV ...
characterized by Parkinsonism plus a more pronounced failure of the autonomic nervous system. [62] No modern equivalent – this terminology fell out of favour [63] and was not specified in the 2007 consensus paper. [38] The earlier consensus of 1998 [37] referred to MSA-A, "a" = autonomic dysfunction subtype but this subtype is no longer used.
Correlations between the causes of young-onset Parkinson's disease and PED may be due to a similar problem, specifically a mutation of a potassium channel gene on chromosome 1. [ 4 ] The pathogenesis of PED has also been linked to mutations in the GLUT1 glucose transporter which can result in transient energy deficits in the basal ganglia. [ 2 ]
In medicine, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a subcategory in systems of disease/disorder classification such as ICD-9, ICD-10, or DSM-IV.It is generally used to note the presence of an illness where the symptoms presented were sufficient to make a general diagnosis, but where a specific diagnosis was not made.