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Gallium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, [ 13 ] gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group ( aluminium , indium , and thallium ).
Natural gallium (31 Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71.Twenty-nine radioisotopes are known, all synthetic, with atomic masses ranging from 60 to 89; along with three nuclear isomers, 64m Ga, 72m Ga and 74m Ga.
atomic number symbol name empirical ... 31: Ga: gallium: 130 [2] 136 [5] 187 [3] [4] 124 121 [6] 135 c: 32: Ge: ... The radius of an atom is not a uniquely defined ...
Each shell can contain only a fixed number of ... because the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom equals the number of ... 31: Gallium: 2, 8, 18, 3: ...
The overlaps get quite close at the point where the d-orbitals enter the picture, [50] and the order can shift slightly with atomic number [51] and atomic charge. [52] [h] Starting from the simplest atom, this lets us build up the periodic table one at a time in order of atomic number, by considering the cases of single atoms.
Gallium(I) forms complexes with arene ligands such as hexamethylbenzene. Because this ligand is quite bulky, the structure of the [Ga(η 6-C 6 Me 6)] + is that of a half-sandwich. Less bulky ligands such as mesitylene allow two ligands to be attached to the central gallium atom in a bent sandwich structure.
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This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.