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Relative permeability must be between zero and one. In applications, relative permeability is often represented as a function of water saturation; however, owing to capillary hysteresis one often resorts to a function or curve measured under drainage and another measured under imbibition.
In fluid dynamics, the Buckley–Leverett equation is a conservation equation used to model two-phase flow in porous media. [1] The Buckley–Leverett equation or the Buckley–Leverett displacement describes an immiscible displacement process, such as the displacement of oil by water, in a one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional reservoir.
In SI units, permeability is measured in henries per meter (H/m), or equivalently in newtons per ampere squared (N/A 2). The permeability constant μ 0, also known as the magnetic constant or the permeability of free space, is the proportionality between magnetic induction and magnetizing force when forming a magnetic field in a classical vacuum.
A closely related parameter is the permeability, which expresses the total magnetization of material and volume. The volume magnetic susceptibility , represented by the symbol χ v (often simply χ , sometimes χ m – magnetic, to distinguish from the electric susceptibility ), is defined in the International System of Units – in other ...
Craig [1] proposed three rules of thumb for interpretation of wettability from relative permeability curves. These rules are based on the value of interstitial water saturation, the water saturation at the crossover point of relative permeability curves (i.e., where relative permeabilities are equal to each other), and the normalized water permeability at residual oil saturation (i.e ...
In petroleum engineering, the Leverett J-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, [1] = / where is the water saturation measured as a fraction, is the capillary pressure (in pascal), is the permeability (measured in m²), is the porosity (0-1), is the surface tension (in N/m) and is the contact angle.
Saturation is most clearly seen in the magnetization curve (also called BH curve or hysteresis curve) of a substance, as a bending to the right of the curve (see graph at right). As the H field increases, the B field approaches a maximum value asymptotically , the saturation level for the substance.
The refractive index of electromagnetic radiation equals =, where ε r is the material's relative permittivity, and μ r is its relative permeability. [ 47 ] : 229 The refractive index is used for optics in Fresnel equations and Snell's law ; while the relative permittivity and permeability are used in Maxwell's equations and electronics.