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In ecology, rarefaction is a technique to assess species richness from the results of sampling. Rarefaction allows the calculation of species richness for a given number of individual samples, based on the construction of so-called rarefaction curves. This curve is a plot of the number of species as a function of the number of samples.
Rarefaction is the reduction of an item's density, the opposite of compression. [1] Like compression, which can travel in waves ( sound waves , for instance), rarefaction waves also exist in nature. A common rarefaction wave is the area of low relative pressure following a shock wave (see picture).
Air rarefaction in the intra-oral cavity is achieved mostly through tongue body lowering. However, instead of the front closure, the velar closure is released, allowing air to rush into the mouth from the back, either from the nasal cavity or from the post-velar cavity if the velo-pharyngeal port is closed.
The labels of the traditional "Big Five" extinction events and the more recently recognised Capitanian mass extinction event are clickable links. The two extinction events occurring in the Cambrian (far left) are very large in percentage magnitude, but small in absolute numbers of known taxa due to the relative scarcity of fossil-producing life ...
DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an individual sequence can be used to uniquely identify an organism to species, just as a supermarket scanner uses the familiar black stripes of the UPC barcode ...
It was released by Rarefaction in 1997 in the United States on audio CD and CD-ROM for Macintosh and Windows 95 PCs. The sound files (16-bit AIFF stereo, sampled at 44.1 kHz) are royalty free , and Rarefaction stated that they are free for use in "musical or multimedia project[s]".
Labelcode was created by GVL on May 1, 1976, and introduced by IFPI in 1977 in order to unmistakably identify the different record labels. [6] The number of countries using the Labelcode is limited (it is mostly used in Germany), and the code given on the item is not always accurate to the label on which the album or single was actually released. [7]
Matched with attributed graphs, these labels would correspond to attributes comprising only a key, taken from a countable set (typically a character string, or an integer) Colored graphs, as used in classical graph coloring problems, are but special cases of labeled graphs, whose labels are defined on a finite set of keys, matched to colors.