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There are also many ways to construct "the" real number system, and a popular approach involves starting from natural numbers, then defining rational numbers algebraically, and finally defining real numbers as equivalence classes of their Cauchy sequences or as Dedekind cuts, which are certain subsets of rational numbers. [19]
Dividing the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same non-zero number yields an equivalent fraction: if the numerator and the denominator of a fraction are both divisible by a number (called a factor) greater than 1, then the fraction can be reduced to an equivalent fraction with a smaller numerator and a smaller denominator.
Positive numbers: Real numbers that are greater than zero. Negative numbers: Real numbers that are less than zero. Because zero itself has no sign, neither the positive numbers nor the negative numbers include zero. When zero is a possibility, the following terms are often used: Non-negative numbers: Real numbers that are greater than or equal ...
The natural numbers form a set, commonly symbolized as a bold N or blackboard bold . Many other number sets are built from the natural numbers. For example, the integers are made by adding 0 and negative numbers. The rational numbers add fractions, and the real numbers add infinite decimals.
The rationals are a dense subset of the real numbers; every real number has rational numbers arbitrarily close to it. [6] A related property is that rational numbers are the only numbers with finite expansions as regular continued fractions. [18] In the usual topology of the real numbers, the rationals are neither an open set nor a closed set. [19]
The main kinds of numbers employed in arithmetic are natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. [12] The natural numbers are whole numbers that start from 1 and go to infinity.
Graph of the fractional part of real numbers The fractional part or decimal part [ 1 ] of a non‐negative real number x {\displaystyle x} is the excess beyond that number's integer part . The latter is defined as the largest integer not greater than x , called floor of x or ⌊ x ⌋ {\displaystyle \lfloor x\rfloor } .
The real numbers are more numerous than the natural numbers. Moreover, R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } has the same number of elements as the power set of N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } . Symbolically, if the cardinality of N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } is denoted as ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} , the cardinality of the continuum is
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