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The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
Russia annexed eastern Georgia in 1800. By 1806, Pavel Tsitsianov had expanded this bridgehead from the Black Sea to the Caspian and gained the Caspian coast. In 1813, Persia was forced to recognize the loss of its northern territory, comprising modern-day southern Dagestan, eastern Georgia, and most of what is now the Azerbaijan.
Russia leveraged the "frozen conflict" scheme by establishing purely pro-Russian areas that can be controlled by Russia without much resistance by means of ethnic cleansing and by managing to gain the status of the negotiator, and thereafter to actually prevent peaceful settlement to subdue Georgia. [132]
Russia later confirmed its rule over the territory with the Ukase of 1799 which established the southern border of Russian America along the 55th parallel north. [2] The decree also provided monopolistic privileges to the state-sponsored Russian-American Company and established the Russian Orthodox Church in Alaska.
Map showing Russia in dark red with Russian-occupied territories in Europe in light red, as follows: In Moldova: Transnistria (1), since 1992 In Georgia: Abkhazia (2) and South Ossetia (3), since 2008
Six Western nations marked the 15th anniversary of Russia’s takeover of 20% of Georgia’s territory by demanding on Thursday that Moscow return the South Ossetia and Abkhazia regions. A joint ...
1921 — Soviet Russia invades and occupies Georgia. The Treaty of Kars rearranges the borders in the South Caucasus , considerable territories of Georgia and Armenia are ceded to Turkey . 1922 December 6 — The Irish Free State and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are formed from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and ...
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