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In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin reaction is an organic ... Mechanism of the cyanohydrin reaction. ... Cyanohydrin reaction of acetone with potassium cyanide ...
The structure of a general cyanohydrin. In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula is R 2 C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl.
In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
In transhydrocyanation, an equivalent of HCN is transferred from a cyanohydrin, e.g. acetone cyanohydrin, to another HCN acceptor. The transfer is an equilibrium process, initiated by base. The reaction can be driven by trapping reactions or by the use of a superior HCN acceptor, such as an aldehyde. [6]
In enzymology, a hydroxynitrilase (EC 4.1.2.37) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetone cyanohydrin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } cyanide + acetone Hence, this enzyme has one substrate , acetone cyanohydrin , and two products , cyanide and acetone .
In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group. The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under thermodynamic reaction control and results in the ...
The method is very similar to the modern route using alkyl and arylcyanates. The 5,5-dimethyl compound can also be obtained from acetone cyanohydrin (also discovered by Urech: see cyanohydrin reaction) and ammonium carbonate. [3] This reaction type is called the Bucherer–Bergs reaction. [4] [5]
The reaction is normally catalyzed by a base. [3] Tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine is produced by the cyanoethylation of phosphine. [4] Cyanethylation is used to prepared numerous commercial chemicals. Detailed laboratory procedures are available for several variants of this reaction. Cyanoethylation of amines. [5] [6] Cyanoethylation of phosphines. [7]