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The Middle East, with its particular characteristics, was not to emerge until the late second millennium AD. To refer to a concept similar to that of today's Middle East but earlier in time, the term ancient Near East is used. This list is intended as a timeline of the history of the Middle East.
Since ancient times, the Middle East has had several lingua franca: Akkadian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic. [1] [2] [3] The Sumerians, around the 5th millennium BC, were among the first to develop a civilization. By 3150 BC, Egyptian civilization unified under its first pharaoh. [4]
The chronology of the ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Historical inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers: "in the year X of king Y".
The date used as the end of the ancient era is arbitrary. The transition period from Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages is known as Late Antiquity.Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's ...
Following the conquests of Adad-nirari II in the late 10th century BCE, Assyria emerged as the most powerful state in the world at the time, coming to dominate the Ancient Near East, East Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Caucasus, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa, eclipsing and conquering rivals such as Babylonia, Elam, Persia ...
It therefore largely corresponds with the modern-day geopolitical concept of the Middle East. The history of the ancient Near East begins with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC, though the date that it ends is a subject of debate among scholars; the term covers the region's developments in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, and is ...
This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945). The Near East is generally associated with Anatolia , the Levant , Mesopotamia , Persia , Egypt , the Arabian Peninsula , and the Caucasus .
Middle Egypt Lower Egypt: 725 BC 725 BC Colchian-Scythian war: Colchis: Scythia Cimmerians: 722 BC 481 BC Wars of the Chinese Spring and Autumn period: Han Wei Zhao Qin Chu Qi Yan Those were the remaining major states: Smaller states (consumed by other states) 714 BC After 706 BC Urartu–Assyria War: Neo-Assyrian Empire: Urartu: 710 BC 650 BC ...
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