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2. Grammaticalization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaticalization

   grammatical items or function words, which serve mainly to express grammatical relationships between the different words in an utterance; Some linguists define grammaticalization in terms of the change whereby lexical items and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions, and how grammatical items develop ...

3. Syntactic category - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_category

   In terms of phrase structure rules, phrasal categories can occur to the left of the arrow while lexical categories cannot, e.g. NP → D N. Traditionally, a phrasal category should consist of two or more words, although conventions vary in this area. X-bar theory, for instance, often sees individual words corresponding to phrasal categories ...

4. Lexical item - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_item

   In lexicography [citation needed], a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). [ citation needed ] Examples are cat , traffic light , take care of , by the way , and it's raining cats and dogs .

5. Function word - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_word

   In English, very few words other than function words begin with the voiced th [ð]. [5] English function words may be spelled with fewer than three letters; e.g., 'I', 'an', 'in', while non-function words usually are spelled with three or more (e.g., 'eye', 'Ann', 'inn'). The following is a list of the kind of words considered to be function ...

6. Part of speech - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech

   Many English words can belong to more than one part of speech. Words like neigh, break, outlaw, laser, microwave, and telephone might all be either verbs or nouns. In certain circumstances, even words with primarily grammatical functions can be used as verbs or nouns, as in, "We must look to the hows and not just the whys."

7. Linguistic categories - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_categories

   To facilitate the interoperability between lexical resources, linguistic annotations and annotation tools and for the systematic handling of linguistic categories across different theoretical frameworks, a number of inventories of linguistic categories have been developed and are being used, with examples as given below.