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Myxoedema is responsible for the thickening of the tongue and the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucous membranes, which results in thick slurred speech and hoarseness, both of which are seen commonly in hypothyroidism. [citation needed] The increased deposition of glycosaminoglycan is not fully understood, however, two mechanisms predominate:
Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold , extreme fatigue, muscle aches , constipation , slow heart rate , depression , and ...
Crenated tongue is usually asymptomatic and harmless. [3] It is not a disease as such, but usually results from habits where the tongue is pressed against the lingual surfaces (the side facing the tongue) of the dental arches, or from any cause of macroglossia (enlarged tongue), [3] which in itself has many causes such as Down syndrome.
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use ...
The tongue may show a diffuse, smooth generalized enlargement. [3] The face may show maxillary hypoplasia causing relative mandibular prognathism. Apparent macroglossia can also occur in Down syndrome. [8] The tongue has a papillary, fissured surface. [3] Macroglossia may be a sign of hypothyroid disorders.
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (CIDS), also called cretinism, [2] is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) often caused by insufficient dietary iodine during pregnancy.
[1]: 808 Cartilaginous (chondroid), [2] and glial choristomas may also very rarely occur on the tongue. [3] Lingual thyroid; Cleft tongue (bifid tongue) - completely cleft tongue is a rare condition caused by a failure of the lateral lingual swellings to merge. [4] More common is an incompletely cleft tongue, appearing as midline fissure.
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), or thyroid eye disease (TED), is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. It is a form of idiopathic lymphocytic orbital inflammation , and although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, autoimmune activation of orbital fibroblasts , which in TAO express the TSH receptor ...
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