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They were developed by Oliver Heaviside who created the transmission line model, and are based on Maxwell's equations. Schematic representation of the elementary component of a transmission line. The transmission line model is an example of the distributed-element model. It represents the transmission line as an infinite series of two-port ...
Generalized model of Long Transmission Line. A transmission line having a length more than 250 km is considered as a long transmission line. Unlike short and medium lines the line parameters of long transmission line are assumed to be distributed at each point of line uniformly. Thus modelling of a long line is somewhat difficult.
Applying the transmission line model based on the telegrapher's equations as derived below, [1] [2] the general expression for the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is: = + + where R {\displaystyle R} is the resistance per unit length, considering the two conductors to be in series ,
Unlike the transmission line example, the need to apply the distributed-element model arises from the geometry of the setup, and not from any wave propagation considerations. [ 3 ] The model used here needs to be truly 3-dimensional (transmission line models are usually described by elements of a one-dimensional line).
The CdH-MoM has been originally applied to time-domain performance studies of cylindrical and planar antennas [9] and, more recently, to the TD EM scattering analysis of transmission lines in the presence of thin sheets [10] and electromagnetic metasurfaces, [11] [12] for example.
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Versions of the transmission-line equation may be similarly derived for the admittance loss free case and for the impedance and admittance lossy cases. The Smith chart graphical equivalent of using the transmission-line equation is to normalise Z L , {\displaystyle \,Z_{\mathsf {L}}\,,} to plot the resulting point on a Z Smith chart and to draw ...