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Initially, paper was ruled by hand, sometimes using templates. [1] Scribes could rule their paper using a "hard point," a sharp implement which left embossed lines on the paper without any ink or color, [2] or could use "metal point," an implement which left colored marks on the paper, much like a graphite pencil, though various other metals were used.
A paper-ruling machine is a device for ruling paper. In 1770, John Tetlow was awarded a patent for a "machine for ruling paper for music and other purposes." [1] William Orville Hickok invented an "improved ruling machine" in the mid-19th century. [2] As the device is designed for drawing lines on paper, it can produce tables and ruled paper.
There are four common types of loose leaves: (1) ruled paper (ja: 横罫. North American sizes include wide ruled, college ruled and narrow ruled, the line height of which are approximately 11 ⁄ 32, 9 ⁄ 32 and 1 ⁄ 4 inch (8.7, 7.1 and 6.4 mm), respectively, attending to different people's needs.
It would be useful to distinguish the term graph paper for graphing from general-purpose grid paper. In the current version of the ruled paper article, the lead paragraphs are clearly about the horizontally-ruled writing papers, but the General types section digresses to cover log-log and musical rulings.
In 1928, the union dropped "machine ruling" from its name. [1] In 1937 it was joined by the Amalgamated Society of Paper Makers, [2] and in 1948, by the small Original Society of Papermakers. [3] By 1960, the union over 160,000 members.
The earliest form of notebook was the wax tablet, which was used as a reusable and portable writing surface in classical antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. [1] As paper became more readily available in European countries from the 11th century onwards, wax tablets gradually fell out of use, although they remained relatively common in England, which did not possess a commercially ...
Minneapolis Star Tribune Company v. Commissioner, 460 U.S. 575 (1983), was an opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States authored by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor overturning a use tax on paper and ink in excess of $100,000 consumed in any calendar year.
The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in micrometres (μm) in the rest of the world. [19] Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. [20] Paper is often characterized by weight.