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A number n that has more divisors than any x < n is a highly composite number (though the first two such numbers are 1 and 2). Composite numbers have also been called "rectangular numbers", but that name can also refer to the pronic numbers, numbers that are the product of two consecutive integers.
When dividing 12 by 3 one obtains the result 4 because one can regroup 12 objects into 4 subcollections of 3 objects. The quotient group is the same idea, although one ends up with a group for a final answer instead of a number because groups have more structure than an arbitrary collection of objects: in the quotient G / N {\displaystyle G ...
Demonstration, with Cuisenaire rods, of the first four highly composite numbers: 1, 2, 4, 6. A highly composite number is a positive integer that has more divisors than all smaller positive integers. If d(n) denotes the number of divisors of a positive integer n, then a positive integer N is highly composite if d(N) > d(n) for all n < N.
A polynomial decomposition may enable more efficient evaluation of a polynomial. For example, + + + + + + + = () (+ +) can be calculated with 3 multiplications and 3 additions using the decomposition, while Horner's method would require 7 multiplications and 8 additions.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
Cardinal numbers, like one, two, and three, are numbers that express the quantity of objects. They answer the question "how many?". Ordinal numbers, such as first, second, and third, indicate order or placement in a series. They answer the question "what position?". [18] A number is rational if it can be represented as the ratio of two
To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division: checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2, 3, 5, and so on, up to the square root of n. For larger numbers, especially when using a computer, various more sophisticated factorization algorithms are more efficient.
In abstract algebra, a decomposition of a module is a way to write a module as a direct sum of modules.A type of a decomposition is often used to define or characterize modules: for example, a semisimple module is a module that has a decomposition into simple modules.