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The quadrangle covers the area from 90° to 135° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars and contains most of the Tharsis Rise. The plateau is about as high as Earth's Mount Everest and about as big in area as all of Europe. Tharsis contains a group of large volcanoes. Olympus Mons is the tallest. [3]
Name Location Elevation (m) Coordinates Last eruption Notes Askja: Iceland: 1,516 m (4,974 ft) 1961 [1]Eldfell: Iceland: 200 m (660 ft) 1973 [2]Krafla: Iceland: 800 m (2,600 ft)
Tharsis (/ ˈ θ ɑːr s ɪ s /) is a vast volcanic plateau centered near the equator in the western hemisphere of Mars. [note 1] The region is home to the largest volcanoes in the Solar System, including the three enormous shield volcanoes Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons, which are collectively known as the Tharsis Montes.
The Tharsis Montes (/ ˈ θ ɑːr s ɪ s ˈ m ɒ n t iː z /) are three large shield volcanoes in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. From north to south, the volcanoes are Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons. Mons (plural montes) is the Latin word for mountain; it is a descriptor term used in astrogeology for mountainous features in ...
A high resolution topographic map of Mars based on the Mars Global Surveyor laser altimeter research led by Maria Zuber and David Smith. North is at the top. North is at the top. Notable features include the Tharsis volcanoes in the west (including Olympus Mons ), Valles Marineris to the east of Tharsis, and Hellas basin in the southern hemisphere.
The Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle covers the area from 90° to 135° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars. The Tharsus rise, which was formed from lava flows, occupies part of area. The volcanoes Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons are believed to have once had glaciers on them. Glaciers may still exist under a thin layer of rocks. [3]
For example, the tallest volcano on Mars, Olympus Mons, is 550 km across and 21 km high. It is nearly 100 times greater in volume than Mauna Loa in Hawaii, the largest active shield volcano on Earth. Geologists think one of the reasons that volcanoes on Mars are able to grow so large is because Mars lacks plate tectonics.
Colorized topographic map of Elysium and its surroundings, from the MOLA instrument of Mars Global Surveyor. The shield volcano Elysium Mons is at center, with the smaller volcanoes Hecates Tholus and Albor Tholus to its upper and lower right, respectively.