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UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) is a simple agglomerative (bottom-up) hierarchical clustering method. It also has a weighted variant, WPGMA , and they are generally attributed to Sokal and Michener .
In the financial field, and more specifically in the analyses of financial data, a weighted moving average (WMA) has the specific meaning of weights that decrease in arithmetical progression. [4] In an n -day WMA the latest day has weight n , the second latest n − 1 {\displaystyle n-1} , etc., down to one.
The unweighted average is actually much higher than this, however. In 2022, the figure was 1.12 percent. If you threw a dart at a wall of mutual funds repeatedly, you’d average about this much.
Unweighted, or "elementary", price indices only compare prices of a single type of good between two periods. They do not make any use of quantities or expenditure weights. They are called "elementary" because they are often used at the lower levels of aggregation for more comprehensive price indices. [2]
The expected value of a random variable is the weighted average of the possible values it might take on, with the weights being the respective probabilities. More generally, the expected value of a function of a random variable is the probability-weighted average of the values the function takes on for each possible value of the random variable.
The mean for the morning class is 80 and the mean of the afternoon class is 90. The unweighted mean of the two means is 85. However, this does not account for the difference in number of students in each class (20 versus 30); hence the value of 85 does not reflect the average student grade (independent of class).
A much simpler benchmark is the average price charged – the simple unweighted average price of the brands in the category. This benchmark requires knowledge only of prices. As a consequence, the price premium calculated using this benchmark is not affected by changes in unit shares.
In this example, (,) = is the smallest value of , so we join elements and . First branch length estimation; Let denote the node to which and are now connected. Setting (,) = (,) = (,) / ensures that elements and are equidistant from .