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In the United States, most deaths caused by penetrating trauma occur in urban areas and 80% of these deaths are caused by firearms. [14] Blast injury is a complex cause of trauma because it commonly includes both blunt and penetrating trauma, and also may be accompanied by a burn injury.
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]
An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue [1] caused by immediate physical stress. Injuries to humans can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, or overexertion.
Penetrating trauma is an open wound injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating a deep but relatively narrow entry wound. In contrast, a blunt or non-penetrating trauma may have some deep damage, but the overlying skin is not necessarily broken and the wound is still closed to the outside ...
Trauma can be described by an abrupt or sudden tissue injury caused by violent forces that can be classified into varying groups: blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and deceleration trauma. Blunt force is indicated by forceful impact causing injury to the body; penetrating trauma is classified by penetration of the skin, inducing an open wound ...
Diagnosis of blunt injuries may be more difficult and require additional investigations such as CT scanning. Penetrating injuries often require surgery, and complex investigations are usually not needed to come to a diagnosis. Patients with penetrating trauma may deteriorate rapidly, but may also recover much faster than patients with blunt injury.
Pulmonary contusion is the most common injury found in blunt chest trauma, [15] occurring in 25–35% of cases. [16] It is usually caused by the rapid deceleration that results when the moving chest strikes a fixed object. [12] About 70% of cases result from motor vehicle collisions, [17] most often when the chest strikes the inside of the car. [6]
But in some cases, ultrasonography can indicate the extent of the injury and help a clinician decide if the injured person needs surgical treatment. [18] It is important to rule out urethral injury in those with penile injury, as it is a urological emergency that may result in significant morbidity if left untreated. [19]