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Fecal incontinence or constipation occurs when there is a problem with normal bowel functioning. This could be for a variety of reasons. The normal defecation pathway involves contractions of the colon which helps mix the contents, absorb water and propel the contents along. This results in feces moving along the colon to the rectum. [4]
This disease spectrum includes diverticulitis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD). [2] The most common symptoms across the disease spectrum are abdominal pain and bowel habit changes such as diarrhea or constipation.
The symptoms which may develop from this disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, fever, blood in the stool, weight loss, abscesses and fatigue. There is no cure for Crohn's disease although many treatments are available.
The bowel resection with colostomy implies a temporary colostomy which is followed by a second operation to reverse the colostomy. The surgeon makes an opening in the abdominal wall (a colostomy) which helps clear the infection and inflammation. The colon is brought through the opening and all waste is collected in an external bag. [79]
The descending and sigmoid colon are typically involved. Biopsies of the affected area and the unaffected rectum confirm the diagnosis. [1] Biopsies of SCAD show evidence of chronic inflammation. Rectal biopsies show normal mucosa. It is important and occasional difficult to distinguish SCAD from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The ODS may or may not co-exist with other functional bowel disorders, such as slow transit constipation or irritable bowel syndrome. [19] Of all cases of primary constipation, it is reported that 58% are dyssynergic defecation, 47% are slow transit constipation and 58% are irritable bowel syndrome. [21] Significant overlap exists.
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Most commonly, constipation is thought of as infrequent bowel movements, usually fewer than 3 stools per week. [15] [16] However, people may have other complaints as well including: [3] [17] Straining with bowel movements; Excessive time needed to pass a bowel movement; Hard stools
CT scan showing extensive diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon Diverticular disease Whole slide of a transverse section of the left colon with diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. [22] In people without symptoms, these are usually found incidentally during other investigations.
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