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Indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has similar mode of action when compared to other drugs in this group. It is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2, the enzymes that participate in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid.
The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs appears to operate mainly through inhibition of COX-2, which decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever, and swelling. Antipyretic effects may be due to action on the hypothalamus, resulting in an increased peripheral blood flow ...
Diflunisal is a salicylic acid derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. [2] It was developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme in 1971, as MK647, after showing promise in a research project studying more potent chemical analogs of aspirin. [3]
The primary mechanism of action responsible for ketorolac's anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by competitive blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Ketorolac is a non-selective COX inhibitor. [26]
The Bulgarian pharmaceutical Sopharma produces it under the brand Analgin, which as of 2014, has been the top-selling analgesic in Bulgaria for over a decade. [16] In Germany, the drug is the most commonly prescribed painreliever. [54] In 2012, headache accounts for 70% of its use in Indonesia. [59]
Similar to other inhalational anesthetics, the exact mechanism of action is not clearly defined and likely involves multiple molecular targets in the brain and spinal cord. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Methoxyflurane is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA A and glycine receptors as demonstrated in electrophysiology studies.
Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, [1] is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. [5] [4] It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome, [4] Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. [5]
Ketoprofen is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. [3] It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin. It was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in 1980. [4]