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Diagnosis of MS has always been made by clinical examination, supported by MRI or CSF tests. According with both the pure autoimmune hypothesis and the immune-mediated hypothesis, [ 5 ] researchers expect to find biomarkers able to yield a better diagnosis, and able to predict the response to the different available treatments.
Multiple sclerosis patients do not have it in blood, but it has been shown that 13% of tested patients reacted with the epitope AQPaa252-275. It is not known if these antibodies define distinct MS subsets, or are simply markers of astrocytic damage
A new study found that in about 10% cases of multiple sclerosis, the body begins producing a distinctive set of antibodies against its own proteins years before symptoms emerge. “Multiple ...
An active field of research is looking for biomarkers for MS that could speed-up the diagnosis doing it more accurate at the same time. While most of them are still under research, there are some of them already well stablished: oligoclonal bands: They present proteins that are in the CNS or in blood. Those that are in CNS but not in blood ...
In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It may be defined as a "cellular, biochemical or molecular alteration in cells, tissues or fluids that can be measured and evaluated to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention."
Biomarker discovery is a medical term describing the process by which biomarkers are discovered. Many commonly used blood tests in medicine are biomarkers. There is interest in biomarker discovery on the part of the pharmaceutical industry; blood-test or other biomarkers could serve as intermediate markers of disease in clinical trials, and as possible drug targets.
Leaks in the blood–brain barrier appear and immune cells infiltrate, causing demyelination. [10] and axon destruction. [11] Multiple sclerosis differs from other idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases in its confluent subpial cortical lesions. These types of lesions are the most specific finding for MS, being exclusively present in MS ...
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
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