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A Molniya orbit (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] ⓘ, "Lightning") is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over high latitudes. It is a highly elliptical orbit with an inclination of 63.4 degrees , an argument of perigee of 270 degrees, and an orbital period of approximately half a ...
In orbit: Successful First active communications satellite. 10 October 14:27:49 Molniya (8K78) L1-4M Baikonur Site 1/5 RVSN Mars 1M №1: RVSN Intended: Heliocentric Mars probe: 10 October: Launch failure Maiden flight of Molniya, first launch of a spacecraft to fly past Mars. Loss of control 301 seconds after launch due to resonance problem ...
They were also based on the KAUR-2 bus, launching solely from Plesetsk. Earlier models were used for civilian communications in a similar orbit, but different purpose, to the military-only Molniya-1 satellites. From 1980s they were used by the military, and by the 1990s they were operated in the same manner as the Molniya 1 satellites. [17]
Failed to orbit 11 November 06:23:35 Molniya: Baikonur Site 1/5 Kosmos 21 (Venera 3MV-1A #1) Intended: Heliocentric Achieved: Low Earth Venus flyby: 14 November: Launch failure Loss of control during coast phase, upper stage fired at incorrect orientation, spacecraft deployed into useless orbit 16 November 10:34 Voskhod: Baikonur Site 1/5 ...
For Earth this means a period of just under 12 hours at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,544.2 miles) if the orbit is circular. [16] Molniya orbit: A semi-synchronous variation of a Tundra orbit. For Earth this means an orbital period of just under 12 hours. Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the ...
With 227 inhabited islands in total and six main island regions, Greece offers almost too much choice. Lucy Thackray lays out some of the best routes to help you plan your next island-hopping ...
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth. Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits , named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits .
Molniya (Russian for lightning) may refer to: Molniya (satellite), a Soviet military communications satellite Molniya orbit; Molniya (explosive trap), a KGB explosive device; Molniya (rocket), a variation of the Soyuz launch vehicle; OKB-4 Molniya, an experimental design bureau responsible for the Molniya R-60 and Vympel R-73 air-to-air missiles