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Perceived barriers refer to an individual's assessment of the obstacles to behavior change. [1] Even if an individual perceives a health condition as threatening and believes that a particular action will effectively reduce the threat, barriers may prevent engagement in the health-promoting behavior.
Some forms of communication by the physician, such as self-disclosure and patient-centered communication, have been shown to decrease medical mistrust in patients. [35] [36] Medical mistrust has been shown to be greater for minority group patients, and is associated with decreased compliance, which can contribute to poorer health outcomes.
The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model is a theoretical framework developed by Jeffrey D. Fisher and William A. Fisher in 1992. [1] Initially designed to understand and promote HIV-preventive behaviors, the IMB model has since been applied to various health-related behaviors and interventions. [2]
Another model of communication was proposed by Dean Barnlund in 1970. [43] [39] [44] He aims to give an account of communication that encompasses both its interpersonal and its intrapersonal side. He identifies communication not with the transmission of messages but with the production of meaning in response to internal and external cues.
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
Communication theories vary substantially in their epistemology, and articulating this philosophical commitment is part of the theorizing process. [1] Although the various epistemic positions used in communication theories can vary, one categorization scheme distinguishes among interpretive empirical, metric empirical or post-positivist, rhetorical, and critical epistemologies. [13]
Psychologist Jerome Bruner developed a model of perception, in which people put "together the information contained in" a target and a situation to form "perceptions of ourselves and others based on social categories." [11] [12] This model is composed of three states:
The organon model [1] [2]: 35 The organon model is a model of communication by German psychologist and linguist Karl Ludwig Bühler (1879 – 1963). It was published in German in 1934. [1] and not translated into English until 1990. [2] In it he defined the functions of communication according to which linguistic communication can be described.