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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) networks are the pathways and signaling of MAPK, which is a protein kinase that consists of amino acids serine and threonine. [1] MAPK pathways have both a positive and negative regulation in plants. A positive regulation of MAPK networks is to help in assisting with stresses from the environment.
Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism used to determine specific defense mechanisms of plant-pathogen resistance. [100] These plants have special receptors on their cell surfaces that allow for detection of pathogens and initiate mechanisms to inhibit pathogen growth. [ 100 ]
For instance, in a study on Arabidopsis thaliana, biologically important regions of the plant's genome were found to be protected from mutations, and beneficial mutations were found to be more likely, i.e. mutation was "non-random in a way that benefits the plant". [146] [147] [148]
Calcium signaling in Arabidopsis is a calcium mediated signalling pathway that Arabidopsis plants use in order to respond to a stimuli. In this pathway, Ca 2+ works as a long range communication ion, allowing for rapid communication throughout the plant.
Arabidopsis (rockcress) is a genus in the family Brassicaceae. They are small flowering plants related to cabbage and mustard . This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced.
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The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.