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The risk of developing TB is estimated to be between 20 and 37 times greater in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. TB is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV. [13] In 2009, there were 9.4 million new cases of TB, of which 1.2 (13%) million were among people living with HIV.
In a recently published metaanalysis, [26] with data from both developed and developing countries, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube had a pooled sensitivity for active TB of 81% and specificity of 99.2%, whereas T-SPOT.TB had a pooled sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 86.3%. In head-to-head comparisons, the sensitivity of IGRAs surpassed TST.
Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. [3] [4] [5] Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. [4] Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of ...
This image is a work of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States Department of Health and Human Services, taken or made as part of an employee's official duties.
Rapid diagnosis & treatment of TB: One of the greatest risk factors for drug-resistant TB is problems in treatment and diagnosis, especially in developing countries. If TB is identified and treated soon, drug resistance can be avoided. Completion of treatment: Previous treatment of TB is an indicator of MDR TB.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch , M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid .
The Stop TB Initiative was established following the meeting of the First Session of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Tuberculosis Epidemic held in London in March 1998. [4] In March 2000 the Stop TB Partnership produced the Amsterdam Declaration to Stop TB, which called for action from ministerial delegations of 20 countries with the highest burden of TB.
Prospects for tuberculosis control and elimination in a hypothetical high-burden country, starting in 2015. Tuberculosis has been a curable illness since the 1940s when the first drugs became available, although multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB present an increasing challenge. [5]