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In algebra, the zero-product property states that the product of two nonzero elements is nonzero. In other words, =, = = This property is also known as the rule of zero product, the null factor law, the multiplication property of zero, the nonexistence of nontrivial zero divisors, or one of the two zero-factor properties. [1]
It is clear that any finite set {} of points in the complex plane has an associated polynomial = whose zeroes are precisely at the points of that set. The converse is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of algebra: any polynomial function () in the complex plane has a factorization = (), where a is a non-zero constant and {} is the set of zeroes of ().
Thus solving P(x) = 0 is reduced to the simpler problems of solving Q(x) = 0 and R(x) = 0. Conversely, the factor theorem asserts that, if r is a root of P(x) = 0, then P(x) may be factored as = (), where Q(x) is the quotient of Euclidean division of P(x) = 0 by the linear (degree one) factor x – r. If the coefficients of P(x) are real or ...
Let z 0 be a root of a holomorphic function f, and let n be the least positive integer such that the n th derivative of f evaluated at z 0 differs from zero. Then the power series of f about z 0 begins with the n th term, and f is said to have a root of multiplicity (or “order”) n. If n = 1, the root is called a simple root. [4]
If p(z 0) is nonzero, it follows that if a is a k th root of −p(z 0)/c k and if t is positive and sufficiently small, then |p(z 0 + ta)| < |p(z 0)|, which is impossible, since |p(z 0)| is the minimum of |p| on D. For another topological proof by contradiction, suppose that the polynomial p(z) has no roots, and consequently is never equal to 0 ...
The additive persistence of 2718 is 2: first we find that 2 + 7 + 1 + 8 = 18, and then that 1 + 8 = 9. The multiplicative persistence of 39 is 3, because it takes three steps to reduce 39 to a single digit: 39 → 27 → 14 → 4. Also, 39 is the smallest number of multiplicative persistence 3.
A perfect power has a common divisor m > 1 for all multiplicities (it is of the form a m for some a > 1 and m > 1). The first: 4, 8, 9, 16, 25, 27, 32, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 (sequence A001597 in the OEIS). 1 is sometimes included. A powerful number (also called squareful) has multiplicity above 1 for all prime
The linear combinations of the m i solutions (except the one which gives the zero vector) are the eigenvectors associated with the eigenvalue λ i. The integer m i is termed the geometric multiplicity of λ i. It is important to keep in mind that the algebraic multiplicity n i and geometric multiplicity m i may or may not be equal, but we ...