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Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed sub-type of autism spectrum disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands.
Four Years Old in An Urban Community (1968) Seven Years Old in the Home Environment (1976) and; Perspectives On School at Seven Years Old (1977) Pathological demand avoidance syndrome: a necessary distinction within the pervasive developmental disorders (2003) lead author [7] Childhood into Adolescence: Growing up in the 1970s (2018)
Social disinterest, detachment, avoidance, or withdrawal in the face of evident competence (at times) of social engagement, particularly with adults. More often attachments may appear friendly and cooperative but very superficial, based primarily on receiving material needs. Inability to initiate or maintain peer relationships.
Normal development occurs with a combination of contributions from both the environment and genetics. The theories vary in the part each factor has to play in normal development, thus affecting how the abnormalities are caused. [5] One theory that supports environmental causes of developmental disorders involves stress in early childhood.
Classic autism, also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, or Kanner's syndrome, is a formerly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests.
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
With over 40 years of experience working with autistic people, TEACCH methodology continues to evolve, refining its approach. [ 2 ] [ 17 ] It is a "pioneering" program for assisting with ASD education, research and service delivery for children and adults.
According to the earlier DSM-IV, PDD-NOS referred to "mild or severe pervasive deficits in the development of reciprocal social interaction and/or verbal and nonverbal communication skills, or when stereotyped behavior, interests, and/or activities are present, but the criteria are not met for a specific PDD" or for several other disorders. [2]